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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)
07:02

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

Published on: September 14, 2010

HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease.

Deepa Reddy1, Ronald Mitsuyasu

  • 1Division of Hematology Oncology, Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. dreddy@mednet.ucla.edu

Current Opinion in Oncology
|July 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is an increasing lymphoproliferative disorder. Research is ongoing to understand its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and optimal treatment, with current therapies including rituximab and novel monoclonal antibodies.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)
07:02

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

Published on: September 14, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder.
  • Its incidence is increasing, particularly in the context of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
  • Current understanding of HIV MCD remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the pathophysiology of HIV MCD.
  • To discuss the diagnosis and management strategies for HIV MCD.
  • To explore the prognosis associated with HIV MCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on HIV MCD.
  • Analysis of the role of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in HIV MCD pathogenesis.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • HIV MCD is associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are implicated in MCD pathogenesis.
  • Rituximab, often with chemotherapy, is a current treatment; novel IL-6 targeted therapies are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • HIV MCD is uncommon, limiting comprehensive clinical studies.
  • Understanding of the disease and its optimal treatment is incomplete.
  • Further research is necessary to establish definitive treatment guidelines.