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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular clefts.
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
09:18

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Published on: May 3, 2015

ON THE ESTIMATION OF RATES OF CAPILLARY-TO-CELL EXCHANGE OF SUBSTRATES AND IONS.

James B Bassingthwaighte1, Michael Levin, Frank Gonzalez

  • 1Center for Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

Bibliotheca Anatomica
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Capillary walls and sarcolemmal membranes hinder heart transport. New multiple indicator dilution curve analyses measure transport rates across these barriers.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
09:18

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique

Published on: May 3, 2015

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Substrate and ion transport between blood and cardiac cells is crucial for heart function.
  • Capillary walls and the sarcolemmal membrane present significant barriers to this transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the transport rates of substrates and ions across the capillary walls and sarcolemmal membrane in the heart.
  • To develop and apply novel analytical methods for quantifying transport across biological barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiple indicator dilution curves to analyze transport dynamics.
  • Applied advanced mathematical modeling to interpret dilution curve data.

Main Results:

  • Quantified the specific transport rates across the cardiac capillary endothelium.
  • Determined the transport rates across the cardiac sarcolemmal membrane.
  • Identified the relative contributions of each barrier to overall transport impedance.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple indicator dilution curve analysis provides a robust method for assessing cardiac transport barriers.
  • Understanding these transport rates is essential for diagnosing and treating cardiac conditions related to impaired nutrient or ion delivery.