Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

SIMVASTATIN as a potential protective strategy against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Same author

IL-16 production is a mechanism of resistance to BTK inhibitors and R-CHOP in lymphomas.

Blood·2026

Same author

Simvastatin Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Inflammation in Human Cardiomyocytes.

Biomedicines·2026

Same author

Exploring Resistance to ETS Targeting Agents in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Cancer medicine·2026

Same author

Chemical characterization and gut microbial response unveil modification of polystyrene polymer in the lesser mealworm.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Integrating Secondary Structure Information Enhances Phylogenetic Signal in Mitochondrial Protein Coding Genes.

Systematic biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

EGF and TGF-β1 Effects on Thyroid Function.

Gabriella Mincione¹, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Chiara Tarantelli

¹Department of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy.

Journal of Thyroid Research

|July 16, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) inhibits normal thyroid cells but not cancer cells, suggesting altered signaling in thyroid tumors. Its dual role as tumor suppressor or promoter depends on cancer stage and interactions with EGF-like ligands.

More Related Videos

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

Normal thyroid epithelial cells exhibit growth inhibition by TGF-β1.
Thyroid cancer cell lines often display resistance to TGF-β1's inhibitory effects.
Loss of TGF-β responsiveness in thyroid neoplasia can stem from reduced TGF-β receptor expression or pathway alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the roles of TGF-β1 and EGF systems in thyroid tumors.
To explore the cross-talk between TGF-β1 and EGF signaling pathways in thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

Analysis of TGF-β1 and EGF systems in thyroid tumor samples.
Investigation of signaling pathway interactions in thyroid cancer models.

Main Results:

Thyroid cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to TGF-β1.
TGF-β1 demonstrates a context-dependent function, acting as a tumor suppressor early on and a promoter in advanced stages.
Evidence suggests significant cross-talk between TGF-β1 and EGF-like ligand pathways in thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:

Altered TGF-β1 signaling and its interaction with EGF pathways are implicated in thyroid tumorigenesis and progression.
Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for targeted thyroid cancer therapies.