Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 31, 2026

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
Published on: September 8, 2013
Computational synthesis of C₆₀ cyano- and azopolyderivatives
1Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117197 Moscow, Russia. sheka@icp.ac.ru
Abstract:
The cyanation of C(60) to C(60)(CN)(18) and the aziridination of C(60) to C(60)(NH)(9) were studied by an unrestricted broken spin symmetry Hartree-Fock approach implemented in semiempirical codes based on the AM1 technique. The calculations focused on the successive addition of CN and NH moieties to the fullerene cage following the identification of the target cage atoms as those with the highest atomic chemical susceptibilities calculated at each step. The results obtained were analyzed from the viewpoint of the parallelism between these derivatives as well as C(60) fluorides and hydrides. The difference between the first-stage C(60) chlorination and other sterically free processes is discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Preparation of Amides
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...

