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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Gold(I) catalysts with bifunctional P, N ligands.

Corinna Wetzel1, Peter C Kunz, Indre Thiel

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie I, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New gold(I) complexes with hemilabile PN ligands show potent catalysis for propargylamine synthesis via three-component coupling. Their activity is influenced by ligand structure and conditions, with homogeneous solutions outperforming biphasic systems.

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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Development of novel hemilabile PN ligands is crucial for advanced catalysis.
  • Gold(I) complexes are increasingly recognized for their catalytic versatility.
  • Imidazolyl-substituted phosphanes offer unique electronic and steric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel gold(I) complexes featuring imidazolyl-substituted phosphanes.
  • To evaluate the catalytic performance of these complexes in Markovnikov hydration and propargylamine synthesis.
  • To investigate the influence of ligand structure and reaction conditions on catalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of phosphanes with imidazolyl substituents.
  • Preparation and characterization of gold(I) complexes.
  • Catalytic testing in Markovnikov hydration of 1-octyne.
  • Catalytic testing in three-component synthesis of propargylamines.
  • Structural determination of polymetallic gold species.

Main Results:

  • Gold(I) complexes exhibited low activity in 1-octyne hydration but were potent catalysts for propargylamine synthesis.
  • Homogeneous conditions yielded higher conversions than aqueous biphasic systems.
  • Ligand connectivity, substitution pattern, and heteroaromatic content significantly impacted catalytic activity.
  • Polymetallic gold species (Au2, Au3, Au4) were observed, with solid-state structures determined.
  • Imidazol-2-yl phosphane ligands served as a source for bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)gold(I) complexes.

Conclusions:

  • Imidazolyl-substituted phosphane gold(I) complexes are effective catalysts for propargylamine synthesis.
  • Ligand design is critical for optimizing catalytic performance.
  • These complexes represent a novel pathway to bis(NHC)gold(I) complexes.
  • Further exploration of these systems could lead to new catalytic applications.