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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal assumptions,...
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion, mediated...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview01:27

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses describe the interaction between a drug and its biological target, culminating in a physiological effect. These responses can be classified into different types: continuous variables, such as blood glucose levels; categorical outcomes, like survival rates; and time-to-event metrics, such as disease progression. Understanding and modeling PD responses are critical for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.PD models describe the relationship between drug concentration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

Have physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models delivered?

Andrea N Edginton, Ghanashyam Joshi

    Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
    |July 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models show promise for drug development and risk assessment, particularly in scaling across species and age groups. Increased training and support are crucial for wider adoption of PBPK modeling.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacokinetics and computational toxicology
    • Application of in silico methods in scientific research

    Background:

    • Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling utilizes compound- and organism-specific data.
    • PBPK models are increasingly explored for drug development (DD) and human health risk assessment (HHRA).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the delivered promises and real-world accomplishments of PBPK models in DD and HHRA.
    • To assess the progress and identify future needs for PBPK model integration.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of PBPK model promises versus accomplishments in practical applications.
    • Review of PBPK model utility in drug development and risk assessment scenarios.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated progress in PBPK model application for interspecies and adult-to-children scaling.

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    Last Updated: May 31, 2026

    An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
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    An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

    Published on: December 3, 2020

    A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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    Published on: January 2, 2017

  • Actual application of PBPK models in published works does not fully reflect their demonstrated progress.

    • Conclusions:

    • PBPK models have shown progress, especially in scaling applications, but wider integration requires further advances.
    • Continued model development, integration with response/disease models, enhanced training, and regulatory support are essential for PBPK adoption in DD and HHRA.