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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Posaconazole: when and how? The clinician's view.

Aspasia Katragkou1, Fotini Tsikopoulou, Emmanuel Roilides

  • 13rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Mycoses
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Posaconazole offers broad-spectrum antifungal activity, including against Zygomycetes, with fewer drug interactions. It is effective for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI), showing a good safety profile.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Posaconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent.
  • It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against various fungi, including Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Zygomycetes, and endemic fungi.
  • Key advantages include low cross-resistance with other azoles and fewer drug interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of posaconazole.
  • To assess its role in prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI).
  • To highlight its utility in azole-refractory and life-threatening fungal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized, double-blind trials for prophylaxis.
  • Phase III clinical trials and case/series reports for treatment efficacy.
  • Safety and tolerability assessments, including adverse event monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Posaconazole demonstrated efficacy in prophylaxis against IFI, particularly aspergillosis, in high-risk patients.
  • Effective treatment outcomes were observed for oesophageal candidiasis and other refractory IFI.
  • The drug was well-tolerated, with gastrointestinal disturbances as the most common side effect.

Conclusions:

  • Posaconazole is an effective antifungal agent for prophylaxis and treatment of IFI.
  • Its favorable safety profile and activity against resistant fungi make it a valuable therapeutic option.
  • Posaconazole is poised to be a significant aid in managing life-threatening fungal infections.