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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent children.

Zhu Yuanjie1, Chen Jianghan, Xu Nan

  • 1Mycology Center & Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Mycoses
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent children presents with varied symptoms. Early treatment with Amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine is crucial for successful outcomes, though visual damage can occur.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis is rare in immunocompetent children.
  • Clinical presentation and optimal management require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcomes of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent children.
  • To identify effective therapeutic regimens for this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 11 immunocompetent children diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis between 1998 and 2007.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment protocols, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms included headache, fever, and nausea/vomiting; visual/hearing impairment occurred in 36.4%.
  • All patients received induction therapy with Amphotericin B (or liposomal AmB) plus 5-flucytosine, followed by fluconazole or itraconazole consolidation.
  • Nine patients achieved mycological cure, with one experiencing sequelae of visual damage.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent children can have nonspecific symptoms, with the central nervous system as the primary site of infection.
  • Amphotericin B combined with 5-flucytosine is recommended as the preferred induction therapy.