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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier
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Published on: April 5, 2017

Tight junction proteins expression and modulation in immune cells and multiple sclerosis.

Ilana Mandel1, Tamar Paperna, Lea Glass-Marmor

  • 1Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tight junction proteins (TJPs) are found in immune cells like lymphocytes and monocytes. Elevated claudin levels in leukocytes correlate with immune activation and multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity, suggesting biomarker potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Tight junction proteins (TJPs) are crucial for vascular barriers like the blood-brain barrier.
  • Their expression and function in immune cells remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate TJP expression in human leukocyte subsets.
  • To determine TJP modulation by immune activation and autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore TJP potential as biomarkers for immune-mediated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TJP expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from healthy individuals and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and other neurological disorders.
  • Assessment of TJP induction by in vitro immune cell activation.
  • Evaluation of TJP modulation following glucocorticoid treatment and correlation with interferon-β therapy response in MS patients.

Main Results:

  • TJPs are consistently expressed in B cells, T cells, and monocytes.
  • Immune activation increased claudin 1 but not claudin 5 levels.
  • Claudins 1 and 5 were elevated in MS patients during relapse.
  • Claudin 1 was also elevated in type 1 diabetes patients.
  • Glucocorticoid treatment decreased JAM3 and CLDN5 RNA and claudin 5 protein levels in MS patients.
  • Pre-treatment CLDN5 levels correlated with interferon-β therapy response.

Conclusions:

  • Leukocyte TJPs are involved in immune activation and autoimmunity.
  • Elevated claudin 5 levels are associated with MS disease activity.
  • TJPs may serve as potential biomarkers for immune activity and therapeutic response in immune-mediated diseases like MS.