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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Differential MHC class I expression in distinct leukocyte subsets.

Justin M Greene1, Roger W Wiseman, Simon M Lank

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 Wisconsin, USA.

BMC Immunology
|July 19, 2011
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Summary

MHC class I gene expression varies significantly in macaque immune cells but not in humans. This differential expression in macaques may impact T cell responses to pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • MHC class I proteins, including HLA alleles in humans, are crucial for adaptive cellular immunity.
  • Previous research assumed equal MHC class I expression across human cell types, but allele-specific expression was difficult to study.
  • Macaques possess numerous MHC class I alleles with variable transcription levels, making their expression patterns unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare MHC class I gene and protein expression across distinct human and macaque leukocyte subsets.
  • To determine if MHC class I allele expression varies significantly between different immune cell types in these species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MHC class I gene transcription in isolated human and macaque leukocyte subsets.
  • Quantification of specific MHC class I cDNA species using novel techniques.
  • Cell surface protein expression analysis of MHC class I using fluorescent peptides.

Main Results:

  • Human leukocyte subsets showed consistent MHC class I transcription with minor variations.
  • Macaque leukocyte subsets exhibited dramatic differences in MHC class I cDNA species transcription, with some varying up to 45%.
  • Mafa-B134:02 RNA was nearly absent in CD4+ T cells but comprised over 45% of class I transcripts in CD14+ monocytes.

Conclusions:

  • MHC class I expression varies significantly among macaque leukocyte subsets but not markedly in human subsets.
  • Novel techniques enabled the detailed examination of MHC class I allele expression.
  • Differential MHC class I expression in macaques may influence the specificity and focus of CD8+ T cell responses to pathogens like SIV.