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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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The IgH locus 3' regulatory region: pulling the strings from behind.

Eric Pinaud1, Marie Marquet, Rémi Fiancette

  • 1UMR CNRS 6101, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.

Advances in Immunology
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) 3' regulatory region (3'RR) is crucial for B-cell development and function. Recent research details its structure and function, offering insights into B-cell malignancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus is essential for B-cell development and undergoes significant DNA remodeling.
  • Key regulatory elements, including the 3' regulatory region (3'RR), control IgH locus function through complex interactions.
  • The 3'RR possesses a unique quasi-palindromic structure and contains multiple enhancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the structure and function of IgH 3' regulatory regions (3'RRs) in mice and humans.
  • To elucidate the role of IgH cis-regulatory elements in normal and pathological B-cell contexts.
  • To explore the potential of studying locus-wide interactions for insights into oncogene deregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cellular, transgenic, and knockout models.
  • Review of literature on IgH locus regulation.
  • Investigation of cis-regulatory element interactions.

Main Results:

  • Deciphered the function of IgH 3' regulatory elements using various experimental models.
  • Detailed the structure and function of IgH 3'RRs in both mouse and human systems.
  • Highlighted the importance of cis-regulatory elements in B-cell physiology.

Conclusions:

  • The IgH 3'RR plays a critical role in regulating the IgH locus.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is vital for both normal B-cell function and the study of B-cell malignancies.
  • Elucidating locus-wide cross-talk may reveal mechanisms underlying oncogene deregulation in chromosomal translocations.