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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Autoimmunity in 2010.

Carlo Selmi1

  • 1Autoimmunity and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Italy. carlo.selmi@unimi.it

Autoimmunity Reviews
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmunity connects various diseases, with research highlighting shared pathways like T helper 17 cells and vitamin D. Geoepidemiology explores environmental factors influencing autoimmune disease prevalence.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity research
  • Clinical phenotypes

Background:

  • Growing evidence links autoimmunity across diverse clinical presentations.
  • Differences exist in tissue specificity, pathogenesis, and treatment for autoimmune diseases.
  • Increased publication volume in immunology journals reflects growing research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent publications in major autoimmunity and immunology journals.
  • To synthesize findings on common injury pathways and specific autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore emerging concepts like geoepidemiology in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of articles published in the past year.
  • Analysis of original data on factors like T helper 17 cells, autoantibodies, and vitamin D.
  • Examination of research on multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of common injury pathways implicated in autoimmunity.
  • Highlighting specific disease examples and their associated factors.
  • Discussion of the proposed latitudinal gradient in autoimmune disease rates.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmunity serves as a unifying concept for multiple clinical conditions.
  • Environmental factors, explored via geoepidemiology, may trigger autoimmune responses.
  • Continued research is vital for understanding and managing autoimmune diseases.