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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Treatment Resistent Cancers

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Published on: April 12, 2017

Immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma.

Jacalyn Rosenblatt¹, David F McDermott

¹Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

|July 19, 2011

Summary

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN) show antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Advances in immunotherapy, including patient selection and combination therapies, may improve durable responses with reduced toxicity.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Nephrology

Background:

Cytokines like IL-2 and IFN demonstrate antitumor effects in RCC.
Understanding tumor immune regulation offers potential for durable immunotherapy responses.
Conventional immunotherapies for RCC can cause significant toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in immunotherapy for metastatic RCC.
To explore strategies for improving patient selection and combination therapies.
To discuss investigational agents for enhanced immunotherapy efficacy.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on cytokine-based immunotherapy in RCC.
Analysis of recent insights into tumor immune response regulation.
Evaluation of novel approaches including patient stratification and combination treatments.

Main Results:

IL-2 and IFN are the most consistently effective cytokines for RCC.
Improved patient selection may lead to more durable responses.
Combination therapies and new agents show promise for better outcomes.

Conclusions:

Immunotherapy holds significant potential for treating metastatic RCC.
Optimizing patient selection and treatment combinations can enhance efficacy.
Investigational agents may offer improved therapeutic options with manageable toxicity.