Endothelial activation drives lateral migration and diapedesis of leukocytes

To invade a tissue, leukocytes have to overcome the endothelial barrier. Prior to trans-endothelial migration, leukocytes move laterally on the endothelial surface-searching for an emigration site. It is still unclear, how the actual diapedesis step is initiated and whether the endothelium has a decisive role. Here, video-microscopy was employed to investigate, whether lateral migration of leukocytes is correlated to their diapedesis rate. To address the contribution of each cell type, selective stimulation of either leukocytes or endothelial cells with TNFα was performed. Stimulation of endothelial cells alone was sufficient for maximal effects, thereby underlining their decisive role for leukocyte diapedesis. Concomitant to the TNFα-enhanced diapedesis rate, leukocyte adhesion was intensified and, unexpectedly, the lateral leukocyte migration was accelerated.