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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

A moderate aseptic local inflammation does not induce a significant systemic inflammatory response.

Natali Bauer1, Sandra Mensinger, Gert Daube

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. natali.bauer@vetmed.uni-giessen.de

Research in Veterinary Science
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated the coagulation system

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Coagulation and Thrombosis
  • Inflammation and Immunology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Localized sterile inflammation is a common occurrence.
  • Understanding the systemic response to inflammation is crucial.
  • The coagulation system's role in inflammation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the coagulation system's response to sterile localized inflammation.
  • To investigate changes in coagulation variables and inflammatory markers.
  • To assess the relationship between local inflammation and systemic hemostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study design in healthy Beagles.
  • Subcutaneous tissue cages implanted for inflammation induction.
  • Carrageenan injection to create localized inflammation.
  • Serial blood and tissue cage fluid sampling.
  • Analysis of nucleated cells, C-reactive protein, leukocytes, and coagulation parameters (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, d-dimers).

Main Results:

  • Carrageenan induced a significant 32-fold increase in nucleated cells in tissue cage fluid, confirming local inflammation.
  • A slight increase in blood leukocytes was observed.
  • Significant increases in protein C (1.3-fold) and protein S (1.5-fold) were noted.
  • No significant changes were observed in C-reactive protein, secondary hemostasis, or fibrinolysis.

Conclusions:

  • The coagulation system shows a mild but significant increase in protein C and protein S during localized sterile inflammation.
  • These changes may represent a physiological counter-regulatory response to inflammation.
  • The study provides insights into the hemostatic balance during inflammatory processes.