Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mitochondrial carrier SLC25A34 links clock, diet, and temperature control of interorganellar lipid cycling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Extensive enhancer crosstalk controls PPARG2 activation during adipogenesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Recruitment of bifunctional regulator thermospermine to methylated ribosomes directs xylem fate.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Single-cell-resolved transcriptional dynamics of human subcutaneous adipose tissue during lifestyle- and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same author

Altered lipid metabolism and inflammatory programs associate with adipocyte loss in familial partial lipodystrophy 2.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025
Same author

Towards a consensus atlas of human and mouse adipose tissue at single-cell resolution.

Nature metabolism·2025
Same journal

Corrigendum: Inhibition of Myc family proteins eradicates KRas-driven lung cancer in mice.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

A new perspective on ATR's role in translesion synthesis.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

Mechanisms coordinating exit from the stem cell state in mammals.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

Evolutionarily conserved spliceosome-exosome pathway in nuclear mRNA surveillance.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

CDK1 and CEP97 cooperatively control centriole length to orchestrate ciliogenesis and developmental patterning.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

Coupling of translesion synthesis with the replisome stabilized at stalled replication forks by ATR.

Genes & development·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Gene program-specific regulation of PGC-1{alpha} activity.

Søren F Schmidt1, Susanne Mandrup

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark.

Genes & Development
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphorylation of PGC-1α by S6K1 disrupts its interaction with HNF4α, blocking key liver gluconeogenic genes. This reveals a mechanism for fine-tuning gene programs regulated by the same coactivator.

More Related Videos

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of the hepatic fasting response.
  • PGC-1α coactivates numerous transcription factors and gene programs essential for metabolic adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanism of PGC-1α in coordinating the hepatic fasting response.
  • To elucidate how specific signaling pathways modulate PGC-1α activity and its interactions with transcription factors.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the interaction between PGC-1α and HNF4α in liver cells.
  • Utilized phosphorylation assays to determine the role of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1).
  • Assessed the impact of PGC-1α phosphorylation on the coactivation of gluconeogenic target genes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that phosphorylation of PGC-1α by S6K1 specifically inhibits the interaction between PGC-1α and HNF4α.
  • Showed that this disruption blocks the coactivation of essential gluconeogenic genes in the liver.
  • Highlighted a mechanism for independent fine-tuning of gene programs co-regulated by PGC-1α.

Conclusions:

  • S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of PGC-1α provides a critical regulatory checkpoint in the hepatic fasting response.
  • This phosphorylation event allows for selective modulation of PGC-1α's coactivation function, impacting specific gene programs like gluconeogenesis.
  • The findings offer insights into how metabolic pathways are precisely controlled at the molecular level.