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Wunderlich syndrome: cross-sectional imaging review.
Venkata S Katabathina1, Rashmi Katre, Srinivasa R Prasad
1Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. katabathina@uthscsa.edu
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
|July 19, 2011
Summary
Wunderlich syndrome involves spontaneous kidney bleeding, often presenting with flank pain and shock. Identifying the cause through imaging and angiography is crucial for effective treatment and avoiding surgery.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Radiology
- Oncology
Background:
- Wunderlich syndrome (WS) is a rare condition of spontaneous renal hemorrhage.
- It classically presents with Lenk's triad: flank pain, flank mass, and hypovolemic shock.
- Clinical presentation can be nonspecific, with diverse underlying pathologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the diverse etiologies of Wunderlich syndrome.
- To highlight the role of imaging and angiography in diagnosis and management.
Main Methods:
- Review of neoplastic and nonneoplastic renal pathologies causing WS.
- Analysis of cross-sectional imaging and renal angiography findings.
Main Results:
- Renal neoplasms are the most common cause, with angiomyolipoma (benign) and renal cell carcinoma (malignant) being frequent.
- Other causes include vascular issues, infections, stones, and coagulation disorders.
- Imaging detects hemorrhage and potential causes; angiography aids diagnosis and bleeding control.
Conclusions:
- Wunderlich syndrome has varied causes, with neoplasms being most frequent.
- Imaging and angiography are vital for diagnosis and guiding treatment, potentially preventing radical surgery.
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