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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
08:25

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

Ikaros in B cell development and function.

Maclean Sellars1, Philippe Kastner, Susan Chan

  • 1MacLean Sellars, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.

World Journal of Biological Chemistry
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ikaros, a key transcription factor, is crucial for B cell development and function throughout hematopoiesis. It regulates early B cell progenitor development, VDJ recombination, and antibody isotype selection in mature B cells.

Keywords:
B cell activationB cells developmentClass switch recombinationIkaros

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Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Published on: June 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • Ikaros is a zinc finger transcription factor.
  • It plays a critical role in regulating gene expression.
  • Hematopoiesis involves the development of blood cells from stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Ikaros in B cell differentiation and function.
  • To understand Ikaros's contribution to hematopoiesis.
  • To investigate Ikaros's impact on B cell receptor expression and class switch recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns.
  • Studies on B cell progenitor development.
  • Investigation of VDJ recombination and class switch recombination processes.

Main Results:

  • Ikaros is essential for the development of early B cell progenitors.
  • It regulates VDJ recombination and B cell receptor expression.
  • Ikaros influences the activation threshold and antibody isotype selection in mature B cells.

Conclusions:

  • Ikaros is a central regulator of B cell development and function.
  • It impacts multiple stages of B cell differentiation.
  • Ikaros is vital for adaptive immunity and humoral responses.