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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

Hypoxia-inducible factor in thyroid carcinoma.

Natalie Burrows1, Muhammad Babur, Julia Resch

  • 1Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.

Journal of Thyroid Research
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling, driven by low oxygen or pathway mutations, promotes thyroid cancer progression and metastasis. Targeting HIF-1 with MAPK or PI3K inhibitors alongside radiotherapy may improve treatment outcomes.

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Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Intratumoural hypoxia (low oxygen) correlates with aggressive thyroid cancer and poor prognosis.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) regulates genes involved in tumor survival, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance.
  • Growth factor signaling pathways, including MAPK and PI3K, can activate HIF-1 independently of hypoxia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of hypoxia and MAPK/PI3K-induced HIF-1 signaling in thyroid carcinoma.
  • To highlight HIF-1's involvement in thyroid cancer progression, metastasis, and radiotherapy response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on hypoxia, HIF-1, and thyroid carcinoma.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways (MAPK, PI3K) and their interaction with HIF-1.
  • Examination of HIF-1's role in tumor cell behavior and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in MAPK/PI3K pathways are frequent in thyroid carcinoma, leading to increased HIF-1 activity.
  • Both hypoxia and aberrant signaling pathways contribute to HIF-1 activation in thyroid cancer.
  • HIF-1 plays a significant role in thyroid carcinoma's aggressive characteristics and resistance to therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting HIF-1, potentially through MAPK or PI3K inhibitors, offers a novel therapeutic strategy.
  • Combination therapy with HIF-1 inhibitors and radiotherapy may enhance treatment efficacy for thyroid carcinoma.
  • This approach could potentially reduce metastatic burden and improve patient prognosis.