Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis of Pyrrole-Sharing Fused Porphyrinoid Hybrids by Post-fabrication of Ni(II) Porphyrins.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023
Same author

Di(p-dibenzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) Pd<sup>II</sup> Complex: A Weakly Hückel 38π-Aromatic Macrocycle.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2023
Same author

Cyclic Azobenzene-BODIPY Hybrids.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2023
Same author

Stable Antiaromatic [24]Hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) and Its Metal Complexes.

Organic letters·2023
Same author

Synthesis of Naphthalene- and Phenanthrene-Fused Smaragdyrins and Their BF<sub>2</sub> Complexes.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2023
Same author

Publisher Correction: Doubly N-confused and ring-contracted [24] hexaphyrin Pd-complexes as stable antiaromatic N-confused expanded porphyrins.

Nature communications·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Planar subporphyrin borenium cations.

Eiji Tsurumaki1, Shin-ya Hayashi, Fook S Tham

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New subporphyrin borenium cations were synthesized and characterized. Their nearly planar structure and reactivity offer new avenues in boron chemistry research.

More Related Videos

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Boron Chemistry
  • Porphyrin Analogs

Background:

  • Subporphyrins are macrocyclic compounds with unique electronic properties.
  • Borenium cations are reactive intermediates in organoboron chemistry.
  • Carboranes serve as versatile counterions in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel subporphyrin borenium cations.
  • To investigate the structural and electronic properties of these new compounds.
  • To explore the reactivity of subporphyrin borenium cations.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of B-methoxy subporphyrins with a silylium reagent (Et3Si(CH6B11Br6)).
  • X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the triphenylsubporphyrin borenium cation.
  • Spectroscopic analysis (absorption and fluorescence) of the synthesized cations.
  • Reaction of subporphyrin borenium cations with phenyllithium.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of subporphyrin borenium cations with a carborane counterion.
  • X-ray structure revealed a nearly planar triphenylsubporphyrin borenium cation with sp2 hybridized boron.
  • Absorption and fluorescence spectra were similar to B-methoxy subporphyrins.
  • B-phenyl subporphyrins were obtained in good yield via reaction with phenyllithium.

Conclusions:

  • Subporphyrin borenium cations possess a planar structure, unlike related subphthalocyanine borenium cations.
  • These cations are stable and exhibit characteristic spectroscopic properties.
  • The reactivity of subporphyrin borenium cations allows for the synthesis of functionalized subporphyrins.