Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Long-term open-label vebicorvir for chronic HBV infection: Safety and off-treatment responses.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2024

Same author

Safety and efficacy of vebicorvir administered with entecavir in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Journal of hepatology·2022

Same author

Safety and efficacy of vebicorvir in virologically suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Journal of hepatology·2022

Same author

Safety and Effectiveness of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Usual Clinical Practice Confirms Results of Clinical Trials: TARGET-HBV.

Digestive diseases and sciences·2021

Same author

Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial of Emricasan in Hepatitis C-Treated Liver Transplant Recipients With Residual Fibrosis or Cirrhosis.

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·2020

Same author

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Trial of Synthetic Preimplantation Factor in Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Hepatology communications·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Diagnosing and treating hepatitis C virus infection.

Eugene R Schiff¹

¹Schiff Liver Institute/Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1500 NW 12 Ave, Jackson Medical Tower E-1101, Miami, FL 33136, USA. eschiff@med.miami.edu

The American Journal of Managed Care

|July 20, 2011

Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease, often undiagnosed due to its asymptomatic nature. New protease inhibitor therapies show promise for treating chronic HCV infection, especially for nonresponders to current treatments.

More Related Videos

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a primary cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation in the U.S.
Undiagnosed HCV infections are common due to asymptomatic acute and early chronic phases.
Intravenous drug use is the most frequent transmission route, with genotype 1 accounting for 75% of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
To discuss the limitations of existing treatments.
To highlight emerging therapies for HCV infection.

Main Methods:

Literature review of HCV infection prevalence, transmission, and outcomes.
Analysis of current standard of care (peginterferon plus ribavirin).
Overview of new therapies in development, including protease inhibitors.

Main Results:

Current combination therapy (peginterferon/ribavirin) has limited efficacy and tolerability, with lower sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in genotype 1 HCV.
SVR rates are approximately 45% for genotype 1 and 65% for genotypes 2 or 3.
Retreatment or switching interferons offers minimal benefit.

Conclusions:

HCV infection poses significant long-term health risks, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
New protease inhibitors are anticipated to become the standard of care for HCV, particularly for nonresponders.
Routine HCV testing in primary care settings is supported for early detection and management.