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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

Functional role for transporter isoforms in optimizing membrane transport.

Alexander M Berezhkovskii, Vladimir A Lizunov, Joshua Zimmerberg

    Biophysical Journal
    |July 20, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Lowering substrate concentration increases the required substrate-carrier interaction strength for maximum membrane flux. This optimal interaction becomes less sensitive to fine-tuning at reduced concentrations.

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    Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters
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    Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

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    Last Updated: May 30, 2026

    Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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    Published on: December 31, 2019

    Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters
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    Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
    11:51

    Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

    Published on: February 3, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Membrane transport phenomena
    • Quantitative analysis of carrier-mediated transport

    Background:

    • Carrier-mediated transport is crucial for biological and synthetic membranes.
    • Understanding the relationship between substrate concentration and carrier interaction is key to optimizing flux.

    Discussion:

    • The study quantifies carrier parameters to elucidate transport mechanisms.
    • Results indicate an inverse relationship between substrate concentration and the optimal substrate-carrier interaction strength for maximizing flux.

    Key Insights:

    • Optimal substrate-carrier interaction strength increases as substrate concentration decreases.
    • Reduced substrate concentrations lead to a less sensitive optimal interaction, simplifying system tuning.

    Outlook:

    • These findings can inform the design of more efficient membrane separation processes.
    • Further research could explore the application of these principles in drug delivery systems and biosensors.