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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

Optimized linear prediction for radial sampled multidimensional NMR experiments.

John M Gledhill1, Vignesh Kasinath, A Joshua Wand

  • 1Graduate Group in Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|July 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces averaging linear prediction (ALP) to enhance resolution and reduce artifacts in radial sampling for multidimensional NMR. ALP improves spectral quality compared to traditional methods, benefiting NMR data analysis.

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15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale
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Published on: April 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Data Processing and Analysis

Background:

  • Radial sampling in multidimensional NMR accelerates data acquisition and enhances sensitivity.
  • However, limited radial sampling can lead to poor digital resolution and artifacts due to truncated data.
  • Traditional linear prediction methods are effective for Cartesian but not directly for radial sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and improve linear prediction methods for radially sampled multidimensional NMR data.
  • To enhance spectral resolution and suppress artifacts in radial NMR experiments.
  • To introduce a novel method, averaging linear prediction (ALP), for improved data processing.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of linear prediction algorithms for radial sampling in NMR.
  • Combining quadrature frequency components from multiple radial angle spectra for coefficient estimation.
  • Development and application of the averaging linear prediction (ALP) method.

Main Results:

  • Significantly more accurate linear prediction coefficients were obtained using the proposed method.
  • Demonstrated substantial improvement in spectral resolution compared to traditional methods.
  • Effective removal of spurious peaks (artifacts) in radially sampled NMR data.
  • ALP proved to be a general tool for resolution enhancement in multidimensional radial NMR.

Conclusions:

  • Averaging linear prediction (ALP) effectively addresses resolution and artifact issues in radial NMR.
  • This method offers superior performance over traditional linear prediction for radial sampling.
  • ALP is a valuable technique for improving multidimensional NMR data quality and interpretation.