Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026

15:06
Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
Published on: January 3, 2016
Effects of experimental variables on the nonlinear harmonic generation technique
Siming Liu1, Anthony J Croxford, Simon A Neild
1School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Summary
Harmonic generation
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Non-Destructive Testing
Background:
- Harmonic generation is sensitive to microstructural changes.
- Measurement variability is a challenge in harmonic generation techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- Characterize experimental variables in harmonic generation measurements.
- Establish the relative importance of these variables.
- Provide guidance for optimal measurement procedures.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the complete measurement signal path.
- Modeling harmonic amplitude as a function of position.
- Accounting for alignment inaccuracy.
Main Results:
- Identified key experimental variables affecting harmonic generation measurements.
- Quantified the impact of alignment inaccuracy on harmonic amplitude.
- Established the relative importance of various experimental factors.
Conclusions:
- Understanding and controlling experimental variables is crucial for reliable harmonic generation measurements.
- The developed model aids in accounting for alignment errors.
- Optimized procedures can enhance damage detection capabilities using harmonic generation.
Related Concept Videos
Modes of Standing Waves - I
A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Forced Oscillations
When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics
If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not immune...

