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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

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Olfactory dysfunction in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

Carl M Philpott1, Andrew Thamboo, Leo Lai

  • 1St Paul's Sinus Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. C.Philpott@uea.ac.uk

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Post-surgery allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) patients showed olfactory dysfunction correlating with endoscopic findings. Olfactory testing is recommended for all AFRS patients to guide treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rhinology
  • Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Research

Background:

  • Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a significant cause of chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is a common complaint following surgical intervention for AFRS.
  • Objective correlation of patient-reported outcomes with clinical findings is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate patient-reported olfactory dysfunction after AFRS surgery with objective measures.
  • To assess the relationship between endoscopic findings, psychophysical olfactory testing, and quality of life.
  • To determine the utility of olfactory testing in managing post-surgical AFRS.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving 81 patients with AFRS post-surgery.
  • Utilized the Sniffin' Sticks test for psychophysical olfactory assessment.
  • Assigned endoscopic staging scores and administered the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlation found between Sniffin' Sticks test performance, endoscopic staging, and perceived olfactory ability (P < .001).
  • Mean olfactory score indicated hyposmia (19).
  • Quality of life scores (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) showed poor correlation with objective olfactory measures and endoscopic findings (P > .05).

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory testing is essential for evaluating patients with AFRS post-surgery.
  • Results suggest objective olfactory testing should guide treatment decisions in AFRS patients.
  • Further research may explore the disconnect between objective olfactory function and quality of life.