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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Updated: May 30, 2026

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Published on: March 11, 2014

Persistent inflammation on Pap smear: does it warrant evaluation?

K Bhutia1, M Puri, N Gami

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Cancer
|July 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent inflammation on Pap smears may indicate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Further colposcopy evaluation is crucial for women with ongoing inflammation to detect CIN and prevent missed diagnoses.

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RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
03:05

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Cervical Cancer Screening
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pap smears have low sensitivity for detecting cervical premalignant lesions.
  • Inflammatory findings on Pap smears can obscure underlying abnormalities.
  • Colposcopy for all inflammatory Pap smears is not feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if persistent inflammation on Pap smear warrants further colposcopic evaluation.
  • To assess the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with persistent inflammatory Pap smears.

Main Methods:

  • 420 women underwent Pap smear screening.
  • Women with inflammation received WHO-guided treatment and repeat Pap smears (6-12 weeks).
  • Persistent inflammation led to colposcopy and biopsy if indicated.

Main Results:

  • 102 women (24.3%) showed inflammation; 36 (8.6%) had persistent inflammation.
  • 30 women with persistent inflammation underwent colposcopy.
  • 16 women (53.3%) had abnormal colposcopy findings; 5 (16.67%) were diagnosed with CIN.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 16.67% of women with persistent inflammatory Pap smears were diagnosed with CIN.
  • Failure to evaluate persistent inflammation may lead to missed CIN diagnoses.
  • Colposcopy is recommended for persistent cervical inflammation detected via Pap smear.