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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations
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The sirenomelia sequence: a case history.

Anis Fadhlaoui1, Mohamed Khrouf, Soumaya Gaigi

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Place du Gouvernement, La Kasba, Tunis, Tunisia.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Case Reports
|July 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sirenomelia sequence, a rare congenital anomaly, was observed in a preterm labor case. This condition, potentially arising early in pregnancy, affects lower body development and its cause remains debated.

Keywords:
etiopathogenesismermaid syndromeprenatal diagnosissirenomelia

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Sirenomelia sequence is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the fusion of lower extremities.
  • Its precise etiopathogenesis is debated, with theories suggesting early gestational disruptions.

Observation:

  • A case of sirenomelia sequence was identified during preterm labor at 29 weeks of gestation.
  • The condition presented with developmental abnormalities affecting the lower extremities, pelvis, genitalia, urinary, and digestive tracts.

Findings:

  • Sirenomelia sequence may warrant separate classification from caudal regression syndrome.
  • The developmental anomaly is hypothesized to originate around the fourth gestational week.

Implications:

  • Further research into sirenomelia's etiopathogenesis is crucial for understanding and potentially managing this condition.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing sirenomelia sequence in neonatal care and genetic counseling.