Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

Fermi Level

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

Nuclear Stability

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Modulating vibrational energy redistribution in highly conjugated systems.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Unraveling Hydration Shell Dynamics and Viscosity Effects Around Cyanamide Probes via 2D IR Spectroscopy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024

Same author

Inhibition of vibrational energy flow within an aromatic scaffold via heavy atom effect.

The Journal of chemical physics·2023

Same author

Loneliness, social isolation, depression and anxiety among the elderly in Shanghai: Findings from a longitudinal study.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics·2023

Same author

TET2 confers a mechanistic link of microRNA-210 and mtROS in hypoxia-suppressed spontaneous transient outward currents in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep.

The Journal of physiology·2023

Same author

Metal oxide cluster-assisted assembly of anisotropic cellulose nanocrystal aerogels for balanced mechanical and thermal insulation properties.

Nanoscale·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Modulating Accidental Fermi Resonance: What a Difference a Neutron Makes.

Jacob S Lipkin¹, Rui Song, Edward E Fenlon

¹Franklin & Marshall College, Department of Chemistry, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003 USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|July 20, 2011

Summary

Accidental Fermi resonance broadens vibrational probe signals. Isotopic editing simplifies these profiles, enabling clearer environmental sensing in biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.

More Related Videos

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Biophysical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Molecular Probes

Background:

Vibrational reporters are valuable for probing local environments in biomolecules.
Cyanate and azide groups are potential vibrational probes, but their utility is limited by Fermi resonance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and overcome the limitations of cyanate and azide vibrational probes caused by Fermi resonance.
To simplify the complex absorption profiles of these probes for enhanced environmental sensing.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and study of eight phenyl cyanate and six 3-azidopyridine isotopomers.
Utilizing isotopic editing to modulate anharmonic coupling and Fermi resonance.

Main Results:

Fermi resonance, caused by anharmonic coupling, leads to broad and complex absorption profiles.
Isotopic editing significantly simplified the absorption profiles of several isotopomers.
Adding a single neutron to the central atom resulted in a single absorption band for the probe.

Conclusions:

Isotopic editing is an effective strategy to overcome Fermi resonance in vibrational probes.
Simplified vibrational spectra enhance the sensitivity and utility of cyanate and azide probes for biomolecular studies.