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Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...

Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

Base Excision Repair

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

Excess electron localization in solvated DNA bases.

Maeve Smyth¹, Jorge Kohanoff

¹Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters

|July 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An excess electron in solvated DNA bases localizes rapidly, within 15 femtoseconds. This electron localization requires minor DNA base geometry changes, impacting DNA

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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Proximity Ligand Assay to Localize Proteins in DNA Damage Sites

Proximity Ligand Assay to Localize Proteins in DNA Damage Sites

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

Computational chemistry
Molecular dynamics
Biophysics

Background:

Understanding electron behavior in condensed phases is crucial for DNA.
Previous studies explored electron interactions with DNA in various environments.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the dynamics and localization of an excess electron in solvated DNA bases.
Determine the time scale and structural requirements for electron localization.

Main Methods:

First-principles molecular dynamics simulations.
Utilized increasingly large microsolvated clusters.
Analyzed dynamical simulations after vertical electron attachment.

Main Results:

Solvation systematically increases adiabatic electron affinities of DNA bases.
Excess electrons initially delocalized, localize around nucleobases within 15 femtoseconds.
Localization involves minor DNA base geometric rearrangements.

Conclusions:

Excess electrons exhibit rapid localization in solvated DNA.
The process is sensitive to DNA base structure and solvation.
Findings provide insights into electron-induced DNA dynamics.