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Hsin-Ling Liang1, Stefan Schymura, Per Rudquist

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This study explores smectic liquid crystal shells, revealing how nematic phase director configurations influence their structure. Buckling instabilities arise from shell constraints, creating unique defect patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Liquid crystalline shells exhibit complex structures.
  • The nematic phase director configuration precedes the smectic phase.
  • Topological defects arise from energy cost differences in director bend and splay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first study of smectic liquid crystalline colloidal shells.
  • To investigate the dependence of shell structure on the preceding nematic phase director configuration.
  • To understand the buckling instabilities and resulting defect patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Cooling liquid crystalline materials to transition from nematic to smectic phase.
  • Observing the formation of topological defects in the nematic phase.
  • Analyzing buckling instabilities driven by shell curvature and director field nonuniformities.

Main Results:

  • Initial skewed distribution of topological defects in the nematic phase.
  • Conflict between topological/geometrical constraints and 1D quasi-long-range order in the smectic phase.
  • Two distinct defect patterns emerge: one shell curvature-driven, the other director field-driven.

Conclusions:

  • The nematic director configuration critically influences smectic liquid crystalline shell structure.
  • Shell curvature and director field nonuniformities are key drivers of buckling instabilities.
  • This research elucidates the formation of complex defect patterns in confined liquid crystals.