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Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

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On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
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Colloid electrophoresis for strong and weak ion diffusivity.

Giovanni Giupponi1, Ignacio Pagonabarraga

  • 1Departament de Fisica Fonamental, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. giupponi@ffn.ub.es

Physical Review Letters
|July 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Electrophoretic mobility of charged colloids increases with charge, showing a maximum. Ion advection significantly enhances mobility, especially at low salt concentrations.

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Electrophoretic mobility is crucial for understanding colloid behavior in electric fields.
  • Existing models often simplify complex experimental conditions.
  • The interplay between colloidal charge, salt concentration, and ion advection is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrophoretic flow of charged colloid suspensions using a versatile mesoscopic method.
  • To analyze the impact of colloidal charge and salt concentration on electrophoretic mobility.
  • To explore the role of ion advection in modifying electrophoretic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Mesoscopic simulation of charged colloid suspensions.

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  • Systematic variation of colloidal charge and salt concentration.
  • Analysis of ion advection effects on flow dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Electrophoretic mobility increases with colloidal charge, reaching a maximum across all salt concentrations.
    • Highly charged colloids exhibit significantly enhanced mobility under dominant ion advection.
    • Strong local electrophoretic response heterogeneity is observed at low salt concentrations due to overlapping ion diffuse layers.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a generalized model for electrophoretic flow applicable to diverse experimental setups.
    • A distinct mobility maximum is identified for highly charged colloids, offering new insights into electrokinetic phenomena.
    • Ion advection plays a critical role in enhancing mobility and creating spatial variations in the electrophoretic response, particularly in concentrated electrolyte solutions.