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Exposure to CeO(2) nanoparticles during flame spray process.

Maija Leppänen1, Jussi Lyyränen, Merja Järvelä

  • 1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Aerosols, Dusts and Metals, Helsinki, Finland.

Nanotoxicology
|July 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Occupational exposure to cerium oxide (CeO(2)) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) was measured during flame spray processes. Enclosing the process and using ventilation effectively reduced worker exposure to these nanoparticles.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Nanotechnology applications are expanding, raising concerns about potential adverse health effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs).
  • Limited data exists on occupational exposure levels to ENPs in industrial settings.
  • Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticles are utilized in surface modification and coating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify occupational exposure levels to cerium oxide (CeO(2)) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs).
  • To investigate the impact of an enclosed flame spray process on ENP exposure.
  • To characterize the morphology and composition of CeO(2) ENPs.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of particle number and mass concentrations inside and outside an enclosed flame spray process.
  • Analysis of cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticle morphology and composition.
  • Monitoring exposure during a batch-type flame spray coating process.

Main Results:

  • Particle number concentrations inside the enclosure ranged from 4.7·10(3) to 2.1·10(5) 1/cm(3).
  • Mass concentrations inside and outside the enclosure were 320 μg/m(3) and 66 μg/m(3), respectively.
  • Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) ENPs were observed as chainlike aggregates of 20-40 nm primary particles.

Conclusions:

  • Enclosure of the flame spray process significantly reduced exposure to cerium oxide (CeO(2)) ENPs.
  • Efficient ventilation within the enclosure is crucial for minimizing occupational exposure.
  • Batch processes can lead to considerable variations in nanoparticle concentrations.