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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

Expression of RANKL/OPG during bone remodeling in vivo.

H Tanaka¹, T Mine, H Ogasa

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Japan. tnk@ymghp.jp

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|July 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals that receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression links bone formation to resorption. Increased RANKL/OPG ratio during bone remodeling indicates heightened osteoclastogenic stimulation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Bone Biology
Skeletal Physiology
Cell Signaling

Background:

Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) interactions are crucial for osteoclastogenesis.
These proteins, produced by osteoblasts, link bone formation and resorption processes.
Understanding their dynamic expression during bone remodeling is key to skeletal health.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vivo expression patterns of RANKL and OPG during bone remodeling.
To determine the relationship between osteoclastogenic stimulation and osteoblastic differentiation.
To elucidate the role of RANKL and OPG as molecular links between bone formation and resorption.

Main Methods:

Rat femurs underwent marrow ablation, with RNA extraction on days 0, 3, 6, and 9.
Northern blot analysis assessed temporal gene expression of osteoblast markers (procollagen α1 (I), alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin).
Real-time PCR quantified OPG and RANKL mRNA levels; RANKL/OPG ratio was calculated. Histological analysis examined immunoreactivity.

Main Results:

Osteoblast markers increased by day 3, peaking on day 6.
OPG mRNA expression upregulated on day 6, decreasing by day 9.
RANKL mRNA expression increased over 20-fold by day 9, leading to a peak RANKL/OPG ratio.
RANKL and OPG immunoreactivity localized to bone marrow cells.

Conclusions:

Osteoblast differentiation markers are upregulated during the bone formation phase.
RANKL and OPG expression is subsequently stimulated, indicating the bone resorption phase.
The RANKL/OPG ratio serves as a critical index linking bone formation to resorption during remodeling.