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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Updated: May 30, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

Anesthesia for deep brain stimulation.

Lashmi Venkatraghavan1, Pirjo Manninen

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Lashmi.Venkatraghavan@uhn.on.ca

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|July 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is increasingly used for neurological disorders. Anesthesiologists face challenges managing anesthesia for DBS surgery, impacting neurophysiologic recordings and patient cooperation.

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Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
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Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
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Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Published on: January 6, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a recognized treatment for movement disorders like Parkinson's disease.
  • DBS is expanding to treat other functional neurological disorders, including dystonias and epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding anesthetic effects on DBS neurophysiologic recordings.
  • To discuss anesthetic management strategies for patients undergoing DBS procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on DBS anesthesia.
  • Analysis of anesthetic agents' impact on microelectrode recordings.
  • Examination of perioperative complications and management.

Main Results:

  • New DBS indications and targets are emerging, with improved surgical techniques.
  • Anesthetic drugs can interfere with microelectrode recordings, complicating intraoperative testing.
  • Perioperative risks include hemorrhage, seizures, and air embolism; postoperative cognitive changes are reported.

Conclusions:

  • DBS use is projected to rise, particularly in the aging population.
  • Anesthetic techniques will be tailored to institutional practices and surgical needs.