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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis
05:30

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis

Published on: November 14, 2025

Necroptosis: biochemical, physiological and pathological aspects.

Zsuzsanna Dunai1, Pal I Bauer, Rudolf Mihalik

  • 1Department of Pathogenetics, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György street 7-9, Budapest H-1122, Hungary. dunaizs@oncol.hu

Pathology Oncology Research : POR
|July 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Necrotic cell death, previously thought accidental, can be regulated. This programmed cell death, termed necroptosis, is caspase-independent and clinically relevant in various diseases.

More Related Videos

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis
08:55

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Published on: August 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis
05:30

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis

Published on: November 14, 2025

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis
08:55

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Published on: August 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death is crucial for tissue homeostasis, development, and disease.
  • Apoptosis is the conventional caspase-mediated programmed cell death.
  • Necrosis was traditionally viewed as unregulated cell death due to extreme conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define necroptosis as a regulated, caspase-independent form of programmed cell death.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of understanding necroptosis in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulating evidence on regulated cell death pathways.
  • Definition of necroptosis based on its characteristics (receptor-induced, caspase-independent, regulated).

Main Results:

  • Necrotic cell death can be a regulated process, distinct from apoptosis.
  • Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway resembling necrosis morphologically.
  • Necroptosis is implicated in various pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Necroptosis represents a significant, regulated form of cell death.
  • Understanding necroptosis signaling is crucial for addressing diseases like ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections.