Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corneal Innervation Research at a Crossroads: A Tool-Driven Roadmap for the Future.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

RE-1 silencing transcription factor is reduced in endometriosis and uterine deletion in mice alters progesterone responsiveness.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dysbiosis in the Gut-Liver Axis Is Associated With Low Bone Mass During Murine Cholestasis.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

The production of the chemokine CCL2 by corneal sensory neurons initiates anti-viral immunity at the cornea and trigeminal ganglion.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

Peripheral opioid tolerance involves skin keratinocytes and platelet-derived growth factor type B signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Rethinking relief: Targeting sensory neurons to combat cancer and pain.

Cancer cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
12:09

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

Published on: December 31, 2013

TRPV1 and TRPA1 function and modulation are target tissue dependent.

Sacha Malin1, Derek Molliver, Julie A Christianson

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth factors like NGF and GDNF modulate sensory neuron sensitivity. This study reveals tissue-specific differences in how these factors affect TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels in muscle, skin, and colon afferents.

More Related Videos

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
08:35

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
12:09

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

Published on: December 31, 2013

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
08:35

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) families regulate sensory neuron sensitivity.
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRPA1 channels are crucial for inflammatory hypersensitivity and are potentiated by growth factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tissue-specific modulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels by growth factors in different sensory afferent types.
  • To understand how NGF, GDNF, and artemin affect TRPV1 and TRPA1 function in afferents innervating muscle, skin, and colon.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model to analyze mRNA expression patterns of growth factors and ion channels in inflamed tissues and dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
  • Investigated the functional potentiation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by growth factors in identified muscle, skin, and colon afferents.
  • Assessed behavioral responses to TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists (capsaicin and mustard oil) in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Inflamed colon showed distinct patterns of NGF and artemin mRNA expression compared to skin.
  • Muscle and colon afferents were more likely to express functional TRPV1 and TRPA1 than skin afferents.
  • Growth factors potentiated TRPV1 and TRPA1 responses across all afferent types, with significant tissue-specific differences in NGF, artemin, and GDNF potentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory afferent responses to growth factors are heterogeneous and depend on the target tissue.
  • Understanding tissue-specific properties of afferent innervations is essential for interpreting homeostatic mechanisms.
  • These findings highlight the complexity of neurotrophic factor interactions with ion channels in pain and inflammation.