Implications for nutrition practice in the mineral-bone disorder of chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect ~13% of the U.S. adult population and will require most healthcare professionals to be aware of management techniques. From stage 1 CKD, where kidney damage may be the only indicator, to stage 5 CKD, where dialysis or a transplant is required, the treatments vary greatly. One of the first systems to be affected by CKD is 1-α hydroxylation of vitamin D by production of the enzyme in the kidney. Alterations in this system contribute to bone disorders that are manifested by mineral changes throughout the course of CKD. This report provides insight on the dietary components and contributions to mineral and bone disorder of CKD and recommendations for treatment when CKD treatment does not require dialysis or transplantation.