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Vascular dysfunction and physical activity in multiple sclerosis.

Sushant M Ranadive1, Huimin Yan, Madeline Weikert

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) show increased atherosclerosis markers and reduced arterial function, linked to lower physical activity (PA). Increasing PA may mitigate cardiovascular disease risk in MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurological disorder impacting the brain and spinal cord.
  • Reduced physical activity (PA) and impaired cardiovascular function are linked to disability progression in MS.
  • Inflammation and low PA may increase susceptibility to subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial function in individuals with and without MS.
  • Matching was performed for age, sex, and body mass index between MS patients and controls.
  • The study aimed to identify vascular differences and their relationship with PA in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Strain gauge plethysmography measured forearm blood flow (FBF) and microvascular function (peak reactive hyperemia).
  • Carotid ultrasound assessed intima-media thickness and arterial compliance (AC) for vascular function.
  • Physical activity (PA) was measured using accelerometers, and C-reactive protein levels were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with MS exhibited significantly different resting FBF, peak reactive hyperemia, central pulse wave velocity, and AC compared to controls.
  • Physical activity (PA) correlated with peak FBF and central pulse wave velocity, but not resting FBF or carotid AC.
  • MS patients demonstrated reduced arterial function and lower PA levels, with PA explaining the observed differences in arterial function.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical atherosclerosis markers are elevated in individuals with MS, indicating a higher cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Low physical activity (PA) in MS patients accounted for the increased subclinical atherosclerosis.
  • Interventions to increase PA in people with MS could potentially reduce their elevated cardiovascular disease risk.