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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
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Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

An integrated semiconductor device enabling non-optical genome sequencing.

Jonathan M Rothberg1, Wolfgang Hinz, Todd M Rearick

  • 1Ion Torrent by Life Technologies, Suite 100, 246 Goose Lane, Guilford, Connecticut 06437, USA. Jonathan.Rothberg@Lifetech.com

Nature
|July 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel, non-optical DNA sequencing technology using semiconductor manufacturing for scalable, low-cost genome sequencing. The ion chip directly senses DNA synthesis byproducts, enabling faster and more affordable genetic analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genomics
  • Semiconductor technology

Background:

  • DNA sequencing is crucial for life sciences, biotechnology, and medicine.
  • Existing technologies face challenges in scalability and cost.
  • There is a continuous need for more efficient and affordable sequencing solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel, non-optical DNA sequencing technology.
  • To leverage semiconductor manufacturing for scalable and low-cost genome sequencing.
  • To demonstrate the performance and scalability of the developed ion chip technology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes for integrated circuit fabrication.
  • Developed an ion chip with 1.2 million ion-sensitive, field-effect transistor-based sensors.
  • Employed template-directed DNA polymerase synthesis with natural nucleotides for direct ion sensing.
  • Performed non-optical DNA sequencing of bacterial and human genomes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully sequenced three bacterial genomes using the ion chip technology.
  • Demonstrated the robustness and scalability by producing ion chips with increased sensor density (up to 10x).
  • Sequenced a complete human genome, showcasing the system's capability for large-scale applications.
  • Achieved direct, non-optical sensing of ions produced during DNA synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed semiconductor-based DNA sequencing technology offers a scalable and low-cost solution.
  • CMOS manufacturing enables large-scale production and high-density sensor arrays for genome sequencing.
  • This non-optical approach has significant potential to advance genomic research, biotechnology, and medicine.