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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Targeting TRAIL towards the clinic.

Devalingam Mahalingam1, Corina N A M Oldenhuis, Eva Szegezdi

  • 1Cancer Research and Therapy Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. mahalingam@uthscsa.edu

Current Drug Targets
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) shows promise as a cancer therapy due to its selective toxicity. Strategies to overcome TRAIL resistance are crucial for enhancing its clinical efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a TNF superfamily member inducing apoptosis via death receptors.
  • TRAIL exhibits preferential toxicity to cancer cells, making it a potential therapeutic agent.
  • TRAIL activates key signaling pathways including JNK, ERK, Akt, and NF-κB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review TRAIL receptor-targeting as an anticancer therapy.
  • To discuss TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling pathways and prognostic implications.
  • To address TRAIL resistance mechanisms and combination strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on TRAIL receptor biology and therapy.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades activated by TRAIL.
  • Examination of clinical trial progress for TRAIL-based therapies.

Main Results:

  • TRAIL induces apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway but faces resistance in some cancer cells.
  • Combination therapies can overcome TRAIL resistance.
  • Agonistic antibodies targeting TRAIL receptors (DR4/DR5) are in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • TRAIL receptor-targeting holds significant therapeutic potential in oncology.
  • Understanding and overcoming TRAIL resistance is key to clinical success.
  • Development of novel TRAIL variants and antibodies offers future directions for apoptosis-inducing cancer therapy.