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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...

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Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts
11:19

Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts

Published on: October 9, 2016

Alternatively spliced androgen receptor variants.

Scott M Dehm1, Donald J Tindall

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. dehm@umn.edu

Endocrine-Related Cancer
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative splicing of the androgen receptor (AR) gene causes dysfunction in androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and promotes prostate cancer (PCa) progression and treatment resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing diversifies gene function, and its dysregulation is linked to diseases.
  • The androgen receptor (AR) is crucial for male development and prostate tissue function.
  • AR alterations are implicated in androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer (PCa).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review alternatively spliced AR variants.
  • To focus on the role and origin of these variants in AIS and PCa.
  • To highlight their impact on disease progression and treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on AR gene alterations and alternative splicing.
  • Analysis of identified alternatively spliced AR variants.
  • Examination of their functional consequences in AIS and PCa.

Main Results:

  • AR gene alterations disrupt normal splicing, leading to dysfunctional AR variants in AIS.
  • Altered AR splicing generates truncated isoforms lacking the ligand-binding domain in PCa.
  • These truncated AR isoforms can be constitutively active, driving androgen-independent growth.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing of the AR gene is a key mechanism in both AIS and PCa.
  • Dysfunctional and truncated AR variants contribute to disease pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance.
  • Understanding these variants is crucial for developing targeted therapies.