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Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

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Assay for Adhesion and Agar Invasion in S. cerevisiae
04:36

Assay for Adhesion and Agar Invasion in S. cerevisiae

Published on: November 8, 2006

Ras signaling in yeast.

Fuyuhiko Tamanoi1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Genes & Cancer
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Yeast studies have been crucial for understanding Ras signaling pathways, including how Ras activates downstream signals and how its regulators, like GAP and GEF proteins, function. Research also illuminated Ras protein processing and membrane association.

Keywords:
C-terminal processingCdc25Irabudding yeastcAMPfission yeast

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Ras signaling pathways are fundamental to cellular processes.
  • Budding and fission yeasts have historically served as model organisms.
  • Early studies in the 1980s focused on yeast RAS and adenylate cyclase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the significant contributions of yeast research to the field of Ras signaling.
  • To highlight key discoveries made using yeast as a model system.
  • To underscore the importance of yeast in understanding Ras protein function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic and biochemical approaches in budding and fission yeast.
  • Investigated Ras activation of downstream effectors.
  • Characterized regulatory proteins such as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs).
  • Examined Ras protein C-terminal processing and membrane localization.

Main Results:

  • Yeast studies elucidated mechanisms of Ras-mediated activation of signaling cascades.
  • Identified and characterized crucial regulators of Ras, including GAPs and GEFs.
  • Provided fundamental insights into Ras protein post-translational modifications and subcellular localization.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast research has been indispensable for deciphering complex Ras signaling networks.
  • The conserved nature of Ras pathways in yeast facilitates broad applicability to other eukaryotes.
  • Continued yeast studies promise further advancements in understanding Ras biology and related diseases.