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Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
14:57

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

p53 Isoforms: An Intracellular Microprocessor?

Marie P Khoury1, Jean-Christophe Bourdon

  • 1CR-UK Cell Transformation Research Group, Inserm U858, Inserm-European Associated Laboratory, Centre of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Genes & Cancer
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The p53 pathway, crucial for cancer suppression, involves 12 distinct p53 protein isoforms. Understanding these isoforms offers new insights into cancer development and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
apoptosiscell cyclepromotersplicetumor

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Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The p53 pathway's normal function is frequently lost in cancers, complicating treatment and outcome predictions.
  • The role of p53 in cancer is not fully understood, despite its frequent mutation.
  • The human p53 gene generates 12 distinct p53 protein isoforms through alternative splicing, translation initiation, and promoter usage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on p53 isoform biological activities.
  • To propose a molecular mechanism for p53 isoform function in cancer.
  • To integrate p53, p63, and p73 isoforms within the p53 pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on p53 isoforms.
  • Analysis of p53 isoform expression in normal and cancerous tissues.
  • Exploration of the role of p53 isoforms in cellular responses to damage.

Main Results:

  • p53 isoforms are expressed in normal tissues but abnormally in various cancers.
  • p53 isoform expression is linked to breast cancer prognosis.
  • Modulating p53 isoform expression can switch cellular responses from cell cycle arrest to apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • p53 isoforms offer a potential explanation for inconsistent p53 mutation-outcome relationships in cancer.
  • The molecular mechanisms of p53 isoforms involve gene expression modulation.
  • Further research into p53 isoforms may reveal novel therapeutic targets for cancer.