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Updated: May 30, 2026

Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy to Measure Intracellular Zinc Pools in Mammalian Cells
Published on: May 16, 2019
Biological markers for metal toxicity
Poonam Kakkar1, Farhat N Jaffery
1Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box-80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
Abstract:
Exposure assessment is often considered the weakest link in risk assessment. It is important for investigators to continue to utilize the full potential of biomarkers for chemicals whose exposure is of global concern. This review is concerned with the biomarkers of metal toxicity, as the overall exposure to metals encountered occupationally or in the environment would continue causing indirect, delayed effects therefore ecoepidemiology, using designed molecular probes and noninvasive diagnostics will be the leading component for future management of environmental health. An attempt is made here at appraising the need for the development of more biomarkers for use in environmental epidemiology and health risk assessment.
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