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Updated: May 30, 2026
06:27
Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
Published on: September 23, 2018
Dioxin/furan formation and release in the cement industry
1Heidelberg Cement, S.A. Cimenteries CBR Cementbedrijven N.V., Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, Terhulpsesteenweg, B-1170 Brussels, Belgium.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
|July 26, 2011
Summary
Cement kilns using waste-derived fuels can significantly reduce dioxin and furan emissions. Lowering air pollution control device inlet temperatures below 200°C is key to meeting stringent emission standards.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Industrial Chemistry
- Pollution Control
Background:
- Cement kilns firing hazardous waste are recognized by the Stockholm Convention as significant sources of dioxin and furan emissions.
- The use of alternative waste-derived fuels in cement production is a growing practice, with European cement industries utilizing approximately 6 million tonnes annually.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate dioxin/furan emissions from cement kilns using waste-derived fuels.
- To determine the effectiveness of process-integrated measures in reducing these emissions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of approximately 2200 dioxin/furan stack emission measurements from various cement kilns.
- Assessment of process parameters, focusing on temperature at the air pollution control device inlet.
Main Results:
- Most cement kilns can achieve emission levels of 0.1ngTEQ/Nm(3) with primary, process-integrated measures.
- Reducing the temperature to below 200°C at the air pollution control device inlet is a critical factor in limiting dioxin formation and emissions.
- This temperature reduction is effective across all cement kiln types, irrespective of the waste fuel used.
Conclusions:
- Process-integrated measures, particularly temperature control, are highly effective in minimizing dioxin and furan emissions from cement kilns.
- Cement industry can meet strict environmental regulations for dioxin/furan emissions through optimized operational parameters.
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