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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

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MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues
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Published on: November 30, 2013

A non-coding transcript of nephronectin promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating microRNA functions.

Shao-Chen Lee1, Ling Fang, Chia-Hui Wang

  • 1Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

FEBS Letters
|July 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNA, specifically the nephronectin 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating microRNA activity. This finding highlights the role of non-coding transcripts in cell regulation and potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-coding transcripts play crucial roles in cellular regulation.
  • The 3 -untranslated region (3 -UTR) of nephronectin is implicated in cellular processes.
  • Osteoblast differentiation is a key process in bone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of non-coding transcripts, specifically the nephronectin 3 -UTR.
  • To determine the mechanism by which the nephronectin 3 -UTR influences osteoblast progenitor cells.
  • To explore the potential of non-coding transcripts in modulating microRNA functions.

Main Methods:

  • Transfection of MC3T3-E1 cells with a fragment containing the nephronectin 3 -UTR.
  • Analysis of gene expression, including β-Catenin and GSK3β.
  • Assessment of cell differentiation markers.
  • Investigation of signaling pathways involving EGFR and ERK phosphorylation.
  • Utilizing activators and inhibitors of GSK3β.

Main Results:

  • Expression of the nephronectin 3 -UTR fragment significantly promoted osteoblast progenitor cell differentiation.
  • β-Catenin and GSK3β were upregulated in cells expressing the 3 -UTR.
  • Increased cell differentiation was associated with reduced EGFR and ERK phosphorylation.
  • GSK3β activation promoted differentiation, while inhibition blocked it.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding transcripts, exemplified by the nephronectin 3 -UTR, are critical regulators of cell activities.
  • The nephronectin 3 -UTR modulates microRNA functions to influence osteoblast differentiation.
  • These findings suggest potential therapeutic applications for non-coding transcripts in regulating endogenous microRNA activity.