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Updated: May 30, 2026
Dual-modality Molecular Cartography: Integrating Multiplex mRNA Detection with Protein Imaging Mass Cytometry
Published on: November 14, 2025
Multimodality molecular imaging of apoptosis in oncology
Francis G Blankenberg1, Joseph F Norfray
1Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. blankenb@stanford.edu
Objective:
The purposes of this review are to describe the signaling pathways of and the cellular changes that occur with apoptosis and other forms of cell death, summarize tracers and modalities used for imaging of apoptosis, delineate the relation between apoptosis and inhibition of protein translation, and describe spectroscopic technologies that entail high-frequency ultrasound and infrared and midinfrared light in characterizing the intracellular events of apoptosis.
Conclusion:
Apoptosis is a highly orchestrated set of biochemical and morphologic cellular events. These events present many potential targets for the imaging of apoptosis in vivo. Imaging of apoptosis can facilitate early assessment of anticancer treatment before tumor shrinkage, which may increase the effectiveness of delivery of chemotherapy and radiation therapy and speed drug development.
