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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

Evolutionary genome engineering using a restriction-modification system.

Yoko Asakura1, Hiroyuki Kojima, Ichizo Kobayashi

  • 1Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa,Tokyo, Japan. youko_kuwabara@ajinomoto.com

Nucleic Acids Research
|July 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Accelerated evolution of Escherichia coli using restriction-modification systems enhanced genome changes and growth. Inactivating cellular regulation mechanisms improved microorganism population growth, enabling evolutionary genome engineering.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

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Published on: March 25, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Modifying microbial cellular processes for desired traits is time-consuming.
  • Restriction-modification systems influence bacterial genome evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accelerate experimental evolution of Escherichia coli for improved growth.
  • To investigate the genomic and transcriptomic changes during accelerated evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized restriction-modification systems to speed up evolution in Escherichia coli populations.
  • Performed transcriptome and genome analysis at various evolutionary stages.

Main Results:

  • Achieved faster evolutionary changes in both genome and bacterial growth.
  • Identified sequential genome rearrangements and dynamic gene expression changes.
  • Observed changes related to cell-to-cell communication, cell death, and resource metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Inactivating cellular mechanisms regulating active cell fraction can improve microorganism population growth.
  • Some mutations demonstrated additive effects on growth.
  • Results support the application of evolutionary genome engineering for generating improved organisms.