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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
09:11

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

[Cycloferon administration in chronic pyelonephritis: changes in interferon status].

I P Kudriashova, T P Ospel'nikova, F I Ershov

    Terapevticheskii Arkhiv
    |July 27, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study found that chronic pyelonephritis (CP) impairs interferon (IFN) production. Cyclopheron combined with antibiotics effectively restored IFN levels and reduced CP exacerbations in patients.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 30, 2026

    Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
    09:11

    Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

    Published on: August 23, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Nephrology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Chronic pyelonephritis (CP) is associated with alterations in the interferon (IFN) system.
    • Understanding these changes is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between IFN system changes and the course of CP.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of cyclopheron as an adjunct therapy to antibiotics in managing CP.

    Main Methods:

    • The study involved 30 CP patients categorized into three groups based on disease stage and treatment.
    • Interferon status was assessed in all patients, with post-therapy re-evaluation for groups receiving antibiotics or cyclopheron.
    • A 1-year follow-up was conducted for a subset of patients.

    Main Results:

    • Patients with CP exhibited reduced production of IFN, particularly IFN-gamma, by blood leukocytes.
    • Cyclopheron significantly enhanced the production of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma when added to antibiotic therapy.
    • Combined treatment with cyclopheron led to sustained IFN production and fewer exacerbations over a 1-year period.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclopheron, when administered with standard antibacterial treatment, effectively corrects the IFN status in CP patients.
    • This suggests cyclopheron holds promise for improving the management of chronic pyelonephritis by modulating the immune response.