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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus: A Highly Efficient Method of Sleep Depriving Drosophila
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Published on: December 14, 2020

[Genetics of sleep].

V M Koval'zon

    Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal Imeni I.M. Sechenova
    |July 27, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genetic research has uncovered key insights into sleep, particularly non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Discoveries include genetic disorders like Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) and genetic markers for sleep EEG patterns.

    Area of Science:

    • Sleep science
    • Genetics
    • Molecular biology

    Context:

    • Advances in molecular genetics have significantly impacted our understanding of sleep.
    • Focus on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep genetics.

    Purpose:

    • To review major achievements in the general and molecular genetics of sleep.
    • Highlight key genetic discoveries related to sleep regulation and disorders.

    Summary:

    • Discusses the discovery of hereditary sleep disorders such as Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI), familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS), and delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS).
    • Covers the identification of genetic markers associated with sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns.

    Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of genetic contributions to sleep phenomena.

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  • Establishes a foundation for future research into sleep genetics and personalized sleep medicine.